Formation of Words

Formation of Words

There are two basic methods by which to form the words, the derivation and composition. The difference between the two is basically that in the derivation process, we always start from a single radical, as in the writing process there will always be more than one radical.

Derivation

Derivation is the process by which we obtain a new word, called derived from an existing, so-called primitive. Note the table below:

early Derivative

maritime, sailor, seaman

earth bury, yard, land

We note that "sea" and "land" does not form any other word, but rather, allow the formation of other, through the addition of a suffix or prefix. Soon, sea and land are primitive words, and the other derived.

Derivation Types

Derivation prefixal or prefixing

It follows from the prefix addition to the primitive word, which has changed its meaning. See examples:

crer- disbelieve

read- rereading

Derivation suffixal or Suffixation

Results suffix addition to the primitive word, which can be altered in meaning or grammatical class change.

For example:

literacy

In the example above, the -CaO suffix turns into noun the verb literacy. This, in turn, is already derived from the noun alphabet by the addition -izar suffix.

The suffix derivation can be:

a) Nominal forming nouns and adjectives.

For example:

paper - stationery

laughing - laughing

b) Verbal forming verbs.

For example:

current - update

c) Adverbial forming adverbs mode.

For example:

happy - happily

Derivation Parassintética or Parassíntese

It occurs when the word derived results of the simultaneous addition of prefix and suffix to the original word. Through parassíntese are formed names (nouns and adjectives) and verbs.

Consider the "sad" adjective. Radical "trist-" form the verb sadden by the simultaneous addition of the prefix "en-" and the suffix "-ecer". The presence of only one of these affixes is not enough to form a new word, because in our language there are no words "entriste" or "tristecer".

Examples:

word Home

Prefix Suffix Radical Word Formed

dumb and mute mud Ecer

des soul beyond ado soulless

Regressive derivation

It is regressive derivation when a word is formed not by adding but by reducing.

Examples:

buy (verb) kiss (verb)

purchase (noun) kiss (noun)

By backward derivation are formed basically nouns from verbs. So are called deverbal nouns. Note that in popular parlance, are common examples of words formed by backward derivation. Look:

the portuga (in Portuguese)

the pub (tavern)

the commune (Communist)

Or yet:

Shake (shake)

kneading (kneading)

I come (to come)

derivation Unfit

Improper bypass occurs when certain word, without suffering any addition or deletion in form, change grammatical class. In this process:

1) The adjectives become nouns

For example:

The good will be covered.

2) The participles spend nouns or adjectives

For example:

That boy achieved by passing the competition.

3) The infinitives spend nouns

For example:

The floor Roberta was fascinating.

The tolling of the bells sounded in the town.

4) Nouns spend adjectives

For example:

The ghost employee was fired.

The wunderkind solved the problem.

5) The adjectives come to adverbs

For example:

I talked down to nobody listened.

6) words invariable spend nouns

For example:

I do not understand why it all.

7) Proper nouns become common.

For example:

That engineer is a caxias! (Severe and demanding boss)